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oH V SC AV ER O M A I S IO P L L A N IA BL S N T E
TISP7072F3,TISP7082F3 LOW-VOLTAGE TRIPLE ELEMENT BIDIRECTIONAL THYRISTOR OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTORS
*R
TISP70xxF3 (LV) Overvoltage Protector Series
Patented Ion-Implanted Breakdown Region - Precise DC and Dynamic Voltages VDRM V(BO) Device V V
D Package (Top View)
T NC NC R
1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5
G NU NU G
`7072F3 `7082F3
58 66
72 82
Planar Passivated Junctions Low Off-State Current..................................<10 A Rated for International Surge Wave Shapes - Single and Simultaneous Impulses ITSP Waveshape Standard A
NC - No internal connection. NU - Non-usable; no external electrical connection should be made to these pins. Specified ratings require connection of pins 5 and 8.
SL Package (Top View)
T G R
1 2 3
MD1XAB
2/10 8/20 10/160 10/700 10/560 10/1000
GR-1089-CORE IEC 61000-4-5 FCC Part 68 FCC Part 68 ITU-T K.20/21 FCC Part 68 GR-1089-CORE
85 80 65 50 45 40
Device Symbol
............................................. UL Recognized Component
T R
Description
The TISP7xxxF3 series are 3-point overvoltage protectors designed for protecting against metallic (differential mode) and simultaneous longitudinal (common mode) surges. Each terminal pair has the same voltage limiting values and surge current capability. This terminal pair surge capability ensures that the protector can meet the simultaneous longitudinal surge requirement which is typically twice the metallic surge requirement. Each terminal pair has a symmetrical voltage-triggered thyristor characteristic. Overvoltages are initially clipped by breakdown clamping until the voltage rises to the breakover level, which causes the device to crowbar into a low-voltage on state. This low-voltage on state causes the current resulting from the overvoltage to be safely diverted through the device.
SD7XAB
G Terminals T, R and G correspond to the alternative line designators of A, B and C
How To Order
For Standard Termination Finish Order As TISP70xxF3DR TISP70xxF3D TISP70xxF3SL For Lead Free Termination Finish Order As TISP70xxF3DR-S TISP70xxF3D-S TISP70xxF3SL-S
Device TISP70xxF3
Package D, Small-Outline
Carrier Tape and Reel Tube Tube
TISP70xxF3 SL, Single-in-Line
*RoHS Directive 2002/95/EC Jan 27 2003 including Annex MARCH 1994 - REVISED MARCH 2006 Specifications are subject to change without notice. Customers should verify actual device performance in their specific applications.
TISP70xxF3 (LV) Overvoltage Protector Series
Description (continued)
The high crowbar holding current prevents d.c. latchup as the diverted current subsides. These protectors are guaranteed to voltage limit and withstand the listed lightning surges in both polarities. These low voltage devices are guaranteed to suppress and withstand the listed international lightning surges on any terminal pair. Nine similar devices with working voltages from 100 V to 275 V are detailed in the TISP7125F3 thru TISP7380F3 data sheet.
Absolute Maximum Ratings, TA = 25 C (Unless Otherwise Noted)
Rating Repetitive peak off-state voltage, 0 C < TA < 70 C `7072F3 `7082F3 Non-repetitive peak on-state pulse current (see Notes 1 and 2) 1/2 (Gas tube differential transient, 1/2 voltage wave shape) 2/10 (Telcordia GR-1089-CORE, 2/10 voltage wave shape) 1/20 (ITU-T K.22, 1.2/50 voltage wave shape, 25 resistor) 8/20 (IEC 61000-4-5, combination wave generator, 1.2/50 voltage wave shape) 10/160 (FCC Part 68, 10/160 voltage wave shape) 4/250 (ITU-T K.20/21, 10/700 voltage wave shape, simultaneous) 0.2/310 (CNET I 31-24, 0.5/700 voltage wave shape) 5/310 (ITU-T K.20/21, 10/700 voltage wave shape, single) 5/320 (FCC Part 68, 9/720 voltage wave shape, single) 10/560 (FCC Part 68, 10/560 voltage wave shape) 10/1000 (Telcordia GR-1089-CORE, 10/1000 voltage wave shape) Non-repetitive peak on-state current, 0 C < TA < 70 C (see Notes 1 and 3) 50 Hz, 1 s D Package SL Package Initial rate of rise of on-state current, Linear current ramp, Maximum ramp value < 38 A Junction temperature Storage temperature range IPPSM 240 85 45 80 65 60 50 50 50 45 40 4.3 7.1 250 -65 to +150 -65 to +150 A VDRM 58 66 V Symbol Value Unit
ITSM diT/dt TJ Tstg
A A/s C C
NOTES: 1. Initially, t he TISP(R) device must be in thermal equilibrium at the specified TA. The surge may be repeated after the TISP(R) device returns to its initial conditions. The rated current values may be applied singly either to the R to G or to the T to G or to the T . to R terminals. Additionally, both R to G and T to G may have their rated current values applied simultaneously (in this case the total G terminal current will be twice the above rated current values). 2. See Thermal Information for derated IPPSM values 0 C < TA < 70 C and Applications Information for details on wave shapes. 3. Above 70 C, derate ITSM linearly to zero at 150 C lead temperature.
MARCH 1994 - REVISED MARCH 2006 Specifications are subject to change without notice. Customers should verify actual device performance in their specific applications.
TISP70xxF3 (LV) Overvoltage Protector Series
Electrical Characteristics for all Terminal Pairs, T A = 25 C (Unless Otherwise Noted)
Parameter Repetitive peak offstate current Breakover voltage Test Conditions VD = VDRM, 0 C < TA < 70 C dv/dt = 250 V/ms, RSOURCE = 300 dv/dt 1000 V/s, Linear voltage ramp, Maximum ramp value = 500 V di/dt = 20 A/s, Linear current ramp, Maximum ramp value = 10 A dv/dt = 250 V/ms, RSOURCE = 300 IT = 5 A, tW = 100 s IT = 5 A, di/dt = - /+30 mA/ms Linear voltage ramp, Maximum ramp value < 0.85VDRM VD = 50 V f = 1 MHz, f = 1 MHz, f = 1 MHz, f = 1 MHz, f = 1 MHz, `7072F3 `7082F3 `7072F3 `7082F3 0.1 0.15 5 10 69 73 66 56 33 37 Min Typ Max 10 72 82 90 100 0.8 5 Unit A V
IDRM V(BO)
V(BO) I(BO) VT IH dv/dt ID
Impulse breakover voltage Breakover current On-state voltage Holding current Critical rate of rise of off-state voltage Off-state current
V
A V A kV/s A
Coff
Off-state capacitance
Vd = 1 V rms, VD = 0 Vd = 1 V rms, VD = -1 V Vd = 1 V rms, VD = -2 V Vd = 1 V rms, VD = -5 V Vd = 1 V rms, VD = -50 V
53 56 51 43 25 29
pF
f = 1 MHz, Vd = 1 V rms, VDTR = 0 (see Note 4) NOTE
4: Three-terminal guarded measurement, unmeasured terminal voltage bias is zero. First six capacitance values, with bias VD, are for the R-G and T-G terminals only. The last capacitance value, with bias VDTR, is for the T-R terminals.
Thermal Characteristics
Parameter RJA Junction to free air thermal resistance
Test Conditions Ptot = 0.8 W, TA = 25 C 5 cm2, FR4 PCB D Package SL Package
Min
Typ
Max 160 135
Unit
C/W
MARCH 1994 - REVISED MARCH 2006 Specifications are subject to change without notice. Customers should verify actual device performance in their specific applications.
TISP70xxF3 (LV) Overvoltage Protector Series
Parameter Measurement Information
+i ITSP Quadrant I Switching Characteristic
ITSM
V(BO)
IH IDRM -v VDRM IDRM IH VD ID ID VD VDRM +v I(BO)
I(BO)
V(BO)
ITSM Quadrant III Switching Characteristic ITSP -i
PMXXAAA
Figure 1. Voltage-Current Characteristic for T and R Terminals T and G and R and G Measurements are Referenced to the G Terminal T and R Measurements are Referenced to the R Terminal
MARCH 1994 - REVISED MARCH 2006 Specifications are subject to change without notice. Customers should verify actual device performance in their specific applications.
TISP70xxF3 (LV) Overvoltage Protector Series
Typical Characteristics - R and G, or T and G Terminals
OFF-STATE CURRENT vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE NORMALIZED BREAKDOWN VOLTAGES vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE TC7LAE
100
TC7LAC
Normalized Breakdown Voltages
1.2
10 ID - Off-State Current - A
1
1.1 V(BO) V(BR)M 1.0 V(BR) Normalized to V(BR) I(BR) = 1 mA and 25 C Positive Polarity
0-1
VD = -50 V VD = 50 V
0-01
0-001 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 TJ - Junction Temperature - C
0.9 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 TJ - Junction Temperature - C
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
NORMALIZED BREAKDOWN VOLTAGES vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE TC7LAF
100
OFF-STATE CURRENT vs ON-STATE VOLTAGE
TC7LAL
Positive Polarity Normalized Breakdown Voltages 1.2 IT - On-State Current - A Normalized to V(BR) I(BR) = 1 mA and 25 C V(BR)M 0.9 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 TJ - Junction Temperature - C Negative Polarity 1 1 2 13 4 5 6 7890 VT - On-State Voltage - V
1.1 V(BO)
10
1.0 V(BR)
150 C
25 C -40 C
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
MARCH 1994 - REVISED MARCH 2006 Specifications are subject to change without notice. Customers should verify actual device performance in their specific applications.
TISP70xxF3 (LV) Overvoltage Protector Series
Typical Characteristics - R and G, or T and G Terminals
ON-STATE CURRENT vs ON-STATE VOLTAGE HOLDING CURRENT & BREAKOVER CURRENT vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE TC7LAH
TC7LAM
Negative Polarity
IH, I(BO) - Holding Current, Breakover Current - A
100
1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3
I T - On-State Curr ent - A
+I(BO)
-I(BO)
10
0.2
IH
150 C
25 C -40 C
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 VT - On-State Voltage - V
0.1 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 TJ - Junction Temperature - C
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
NORMALIZED BREAKOVER VOLTAGE vs RATE OF RISE PRINCIPLE CURRENT
1.5
TC7LAU
SURGE CURRENT vs DECAY TIME
1000
TC7LAA
Negative Normalized Breakover Voltage Maximum Surge Current - A Positive 1.4
1.3
100
1.2
1.1
1.0 0-001
10 0-01 0-1 1 10 100 2 10 di/dt - Rate of Rise of Principle Current - A/s 100 Decay Time - s 1000
Figure 8.
MARCH 1994 - REVISED MARCH 2006 Specifications are subject to change without notice. Customers should verify actual device performance in their specific applications.
Figure 9.
TISP70xxF3 (LV) Overvoltage Protector Series
Typical Characteristics - R and T Terminals
OFF-STATE CURRENT vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE NORMALIZED BREAKDOWN VOLTAGES vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE TC7LAG
100
TC7LAD
Normalized Breakdown Voltages
1.2
10 ID - Off-State Current - A
V(BR)M 1.1
1
0-1
1.0
V(BO) V(BR)
0-01
0-001 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 TJ - Junction Temperature - C
0.9 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 TJ - Junction Temperature - C
Figure 10.
Figure 11.
IH, I(BO) - Holding Current, Breakover Current - A
ON-STATE CURRENT vs ON-STATE VOLTAGE
TC7LAK
100
1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4
HOLDING CURRENT & BREAKOVER CURRENT vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE TC7LAJ
IT - On-State Current - A
I(BO) 0.3
10
0.2
IH
150 C
25 C -40 C
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 VT - On-State Voltage - V
0.1 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 TJ - Junction Temperature - C
Figure 12.
Figure 13.
MARCH 1994 - REVISED MARCH 2006 Specifications are subject to change without notice. Customers should verify actual device performance in their specific applications.
TISP70xxF3 (LV) Overvoltage Protector Series
Typical Characteristics - R and T Terminals
NORMALIZED BREAKOVER VOLTAGE vs. RATE OF RISE OF PRINCIPLE CURRENT
1.5 Normalized Breakdown Voltages
TC7LAV
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0 0-001
0-01
0-1
1
10
100
di/dt - Rate of Rise of Principle Current - A/ s
Figure 14.
MARCH 1994 - REVISED MARCH 2006 Specifications are subject to change without notice. Customers should verify actual device performance in their specific applications.
TISP70xxF3 (LV) Overvoltage Protector Series
Thermal Information
MAXIMUM NON-RECURRING 50 Hz CURRENT vs. CURRENT DURATION TI7LAA
THERMAL RESPONSE
TI7MAB
ITRMS - Maximum Non-Recurrent 50 Hz Current - A
Z JA - Transient Thermal Impedance - C/W
VGEN = 250 Vrms RGEN = 10 to 150 10 SL Package
100
D Package
10
SL Package
D Package 1 0-1 1 10 100 1000 t - Current Duration - s 1 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
t - Power Pulse Duration - s
Figure 15.
Figure 16.
MARCH 1994 - REVISED MARCH 2006 Specifications are subject to change without notice. Customers should verify actual device performance in their specific applications.
TISP70xxF3 (LV) Overvoltage Protector Series
Thermal Information
Non-Repetitive Peak On-state Pulse Derated Values for 0 C TA 70 C
Rating Non-repetitive peak on-state pulse current, 0 C < TA < 70 C (see Notes 5, 6 and 7) 1/2 (Gas tube differential transient, 1/2 voltage wave shape) 2/10 (Telcordia GR-1089-CORE, 2/10 voltage wave shape) 1/20 (ITU-T K.22, 1.2/50 voltage wave shape, 25 resistor) 8/20 (IEC 61000-4-5, combination wave generator, 1.2/50 voltage wave shape) 10/160 (FCC Part 68, 10/160 voltage wave shape) 4/250 (ITU-T K.20/21, 10/700 voltage wave shape, dual) 0.2/310 (CNET I 31-24, 0.5/700 voltage wave shape) 5/310 (ITU-T K.20/21, 10/700 voltage wave shape, single) 5/320 (FCC Part 68, 9/720 voltage wave shape) 10/560 (FCC Part 68, 10/560 voltage wave shape) 10/1000 (Telcordia GR-1089-CORE, 10/1000 voltage wave shape) IPPSM 130 80 45 75 55 50 50 50 50 40 40 A Symbol Value Unit
NOTES: 5. Initially, the TISP (R) device must be in thermal equilibrium at the specified T A. The impulse may be repeated after the TISP (R) device returns to its initial conditions. The rated current values may be applied either to the R to G or to the T to G or to the T to R terminals. Additionally, both R to G and T to G may have their rated current values applied simultaneously (In this case the total G terminal current will be twice the above rated current values). 6. See Applications Information for details on wave shapes. 7. Above 70 C, derate IPPSM linearly to zero at 150 C lead temperature.
MARCH 1994 - REVISED MARCH 2006 Specifications are subject to change without notice. Customers should verify actual device performance in their specific applications.
TISP70xxF3 (LV) Overvoltage Protector Series
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Deployment
These devices are three terminal overvoltage protectors. They limit the voltage between three points in the circuit. Typically, this would be the two line conductors and protective ground (Figure 17).
Th3 Th1 Th2
Figure 17. MULTI-POINT PROTECTION
In Figure 17, protective functions Th2 and Th3 limit the maximum voltage between each conductor and ground to their respective V(BO) values. Protective function Th1 limits the maximum voltage between the two conductors to its V(BO) value.
Lightning Surge
Wave Shape Notation Most lightning tests, used for equipment verification, specify a unidirectional sawtooth waveform which has an exponential rise and an exponential decay. Wave shapes are classified in terms of rise time in microseconds and a decay time in microseconds to 50% of the maximum amplitude. The notation used for the wave shape is rise time/decay time, without the microseconds quantity and the "/" between the two values has no mathematical significance. A 50 A, 5/310 waveform would have a peak current value of 50 A, a rise time of 5 s and a decay time of 310 s. The TISP(R) surge current graph comprehends the wave shapes of commonly used surges.
Generators There are three categories of surge generator type: single wave shape, combination wave shape and circuit defined. Single wave shape generators have essentially the same wave shape for the open circuit voltage and short circuit current (e.g., 10/1000 open circuit voltage and short circuit current). Combination generators have two wave shapes, one for the open circuit voltage and the other for the short circuit current (e.g., 1.2/50 open circuit voltage and 8/20 short circuit current). Circuit specified generators usually equate to a combination generator, although typically only the open circuit voltage wave shape is referenced (e.g., a 10/700 open circuit voltage generator typically produces a 5/ 310 short circuit current). If the combination or circuit defined generators operate into a finite resistance, the wave shape produced is intermediate between the open circuit and short circuit values.
ITU-T 10/700 Generator This circuit defined generator is specified in many standards. The descriptions and values are not consistent between standards and it is important to realize that it is always the same generator being used. Figure 18 shows the 10/700 generator circuit defined in ITU-T recommendation K.20 (10/96) "Resistibility of telecommunication switching equipment to overvoltages and overcurrents". The basic generator comprises of: Capacitor C1, charged to voltage VC, which is the energy storage element. Switch SW to discharge the capacitor into the output shaping network. Shunt resistor R1, series resistor R2 and shunt capacitor C2 form the output shaping network. Series feed resistor R3 to connect to one line conductor for single surge. Series feed resistor R4 to connect to the other line conductor for dual surging. In the normal single surge equipment test configuration, the unsurged line is grounded. This is shown by the dotted lines in the top drawing of Figure 18. However, doing this at device test places one terminal pair in parallel with another terminal pair. To check the individual terminal pairs of the TISP7xxxF3, without any paralleled operation, the unsurged terminal is left unconnected. With the generator output open circuit, when SW closes, C1 discharges through R1. The decay time constant will be C1 R 1, or 20 x 50 = 1000 s. For the 50 % voltage decay time, the time constant needs to be multiplied by 0.697, giving 0.697 x 1000 = 697 s which is rounded to 700 s.
MARCH 1994 - REVISED MARCH 2006 Specifications are subject to change without notice. Customers should verify actual device performance in their specific applications.
TISP70xxF3 (LV) Overvoltage Protector Series
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Lightning Surge (continued)
ITU-T 10/700 Generator (continued)
VC 2.8 kV SW R2 15 R3 25 70 A 5/310 T C1 20 F R1 50 C2 200 nF R R T R G 70 A 5/310 T R AND T TEST
G
G R AND G TEST
10/700 GENERATOR - SINGLE TERMINAL PAIR TEST
T AND G TEST
R4 25 VC 5.2 kV R2 15 R3 25 95 A 4/250
95 A 4/250
SW
T C1 20 F R1 50 C2 200 nF 190 A 4/250 G 10/700 GENERATOR - DUAL TERMINAL PAIR TEST DUAL T AND G, R AND G TEST
R
Figure 18.
The output rise time is controlled by the time constant of R2 and C2, which is 15 x 200 = 3000 ns or 3 s. Virtual voltage rise times are given by straight line extrapolation through the 30 % and 90 % points of the voltage waveform to zero and 100 %. Mathematically, this is equivalent to 3.24 times the time constant, which gives 3.24 x 3 = 9.73 which is rounded to 10 s. Thus, the open circuit voltage rises in 10 s and decays in 700 s, giving the 10/700 generator its name. When the overvoltage protector switches, it effectively shorts the generator output via the series 25 resistor. Two short circuit conditions need to be considered: single output using R3 only (top circuit of Figure 18) and dual output using R3 and R4 (bottom circuit of Figure 18). For the single test, the series combination of R2 and R3 (15 + 25 = 40 ) is in shunt with R 1. This lowers the discharge resistance from 50 to 22.2 , giving a discharge time constant of 444 s and a 50% current decay time of 309.7 s, which is rounded to 310 s. For the rise time, R2 and R 3 are in parallel, reducing the effective source resistance from 15 to 9.38 , giving a time constant of 1.88 s. Virtual current rise times are given by straight line extrapolation through the 10 % and 90 % points of the current waveform to zero and 100 %. Mathematically, this is equivalent to 2.75 times the time constant, which gives 2.75 x 1.88 = 5.15, which is rounded to 5 s. Thus, the short circuit current rises in 5 s and decays in 310 s, giving the 5/ 310 wave shape. The series resistance from C1 to the output is 40 giving an output conductance of 25 A/kV. For each 1 kV of capacitor charge voltage, 25 A of output current will result. For the dual test, the series combination of R2 plus R3 and R4 in parallel (15 + 12.5 = 27.5 ) is in shunt with R1. This lowers the discharge resistance from 50 to 17.7 , giving a discharge time constant of 355 s and a 50 % current decay time of 247 s, which is rounded to 250 s. For the rise time, R2, R3 and R4 are in parallel, reducing the effective source resistance from 15 to 6.82 , giving a time constant of 1.36 s, which gives a current rise time of 2.75 x 1.36 = 3.75, which is rounded to 4 s. Thus, the short circuit current rises in 4 s and decays in 250 s, giving the 4/250 wave shape.
MARCH 1994 - REVISED MARCH 2006 Specifications are subject to change without notice. Customers should verify actual device performance in their specific applications.
TISP70xxF3 (LV) Overvoltage Protector Series
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Lightning Surge (continued)
ITU-T 10/700 Generator (continued) The series resistance from C1 to an individual output is 2 x 27.5 = 55 , giving an output conductance of 18 A/kV. For each 1 kV of capacitor charge voltage, 18 A of output current will result. At 25 C, these protectors are rated at 70 A for the single terminal pair condition and 95 A for the dual condition (R and G terminals and T and G terminals). In terms of generator voltage, this gives a maximum generator setting of 70 x 40 = 2.8 kV for the single condition and 2 x 95 x 27.5 = 5.2 kV for the dual condition. The higher generator voltage setting for the dual condition is due to the current waveform decay being shorter at 250 s compared to the 310 s value of the single condition. Other ITU-T recommendations use the 10/700 generator: K.17 (11/88) "Tests on power-fed repeaters using solid-state devices in order to check the arrangements for protection from external interference" and K.21(10/96) "Resistibility of subscriber's terminal to overvoltages and overcurrents", K.30 (03/93) "Positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistors". Several IEC publications use the 10/700 generator; common ones are IEC 6100-4-5 (03/95) "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 5: Surge immunity test" and IEC 60950 (04/99) "Safety of information technology equipment". The IEC 60950 10/700 generator is carried through into other "950" derivatives. Europe is harmonized by CENELEC (Comite Europeen de Normalization Electro-technique) under EN 60950 (included in the Low Voltage Directive, CE mark). US has UL (Underwriters Laboratories) 1950 and Canada CSA (Canadian Standards Authority) C22.2 No. 950. FCC Part 68 "Connection of terminal equipment to the telephone network" (47 CFR 68) uses the 10/700 generator for Type B surge testing. Part 68 defines the open circuit voltage wave shape as 9/720 and the short circuit current wave shape as 5/320 for a single output. The current wave shape in the dual (longitudinal) test condition is not defined, but it can be assumed to be 4/250. Several VDE publications use the 10/700 generator; for example: VDE 0878 Part 200 (12/92) "Electromagnetic compatibility of information technology equipment and telecommunications equipment; Immunity of analogue subscriber equipment". 1.2/50 Generators The 1.2/50 open circuit voltage and 8/20 short circuit current combination generator is defined in IEC 61000-4-5 (03/95) "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 5: Surge immunity test". This generator has a fictive output resistance of 2 , meaning that dividing the open circuit output voltage by the short circuit output current gives a value of 2 (500 A/kV). The combination generator has three testing configurations; directly applied for testing between equipment a.c. supply connections, applied via an external 10 resistor for testing between the a.c. supply connections and ground, and applied via an external 40 resistor for testing all other lines. For unshielded unsymmetrical data or signalling lines, the combination generator is applied via a 40 resistor either between lines or line to ground. For unshielded symmetrical telecommunication lines, the combination generator is applied to all lines via a resistor of n x 40 , where n is the number of conductors and the maximum value of external feed resistance is 250 . Thus, for four conductors, n = 4 and the series resistance is 4 x 40 = 160 . For ten conductors, the resistance cannot be 10 x 40 = 400 and must be 250 . The combination generator is used for short distance lines, long distance lines are tested with the 10/700 generator. When the combination generator is used with a 40 or more, external resistor, the current wave shape is not 8/20, but becomes closer to the open circuit voltage wave shape of 1.2/50. For example, a commercial generator when used with 40 produced an 1.4/50 wave shape. The wave shapes of 1.2/50 and 8/20 occur in other generators as well. British Telecommunication has a combination generator with 1.2/50 voltage and 8/20 current wave shapes, but it has a fictitious resistance of 1 . ITU-T recommendation K.22 "Overvoltage resistibility of equipment connected to an ISDN T/S BUS" (05/95) has a 1.2/50 generator option using only resistive and capacitive elements, Figure 19. The K.22 generator produces a 1.4/53 open circuit voltage wave. Using 25 output resistors gives a single short circuit current output wave shape of 0.8/18 with 26 A/kV and a dual of 0.6/13 with 20 A/kV. These current wave shapes are often rounded to 1/20 and 0.8/14. There are 8/ 20 short circuit current defined generators. These are usually very high current, 10 kA or more and are used for testing a.c. protectors, primary protection modules and some Gas Discharge Tubes.
MARCH 1994 - REVISED MARCH 2006 Specifications are subject to change without notice. Customers should verify actual device performance in their specific applications.
TISP70xxF3 (LV) Overvoltage Protector Series
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Lightning Surge (continued)
1.2/50 Generators (continued)
C4 8 nF VC 1 kV R2 13 C3 8 nF NOTE: SOME STANDARDS REPLACE OUTPUT CAPACITORS WITH 25 RESISTORS
SW
C1 1 F
R1 76
C2 30 nF
K.22 1.2/50 GENERATOR
Figure 19.
Impulse Testing To verify the withstand capability and safety of the equipment, standards require that the equipment is tested with various impulse wave forms. The table in this section shows some common test values. Manufacturers are being increasingly required to design in protection coordination. This means that each protector is operated at its design level and currents are diverted through the appropriate protector, e.g.,the primary level current through the primary protector and lower levels of current may be diverted through the secondary or inherent equipment protection. Without coordination, primary level currents could pass through the equipment only designed to pass secondary level currents. To ensure coordination happens with fixed voltage protectors, some resistance is normally used between the primary and secondary protection (R1a and R1b, Figure 21). The values given in this data sheet apply to a 400 V (d.c. sparkover) gas discharge tube primary protector and the appropriate test voltage when the equipment is tested with a primary protector.
Peak Current Current TISP7xxxF3 Series Value Waveform 25 C Rating Resistance Waveform A s A s 2500 2/10 2 x 500 2/10 2 x 190 GR-1089-CORE 12 1000 10/1000 2 x 100 10/1000 2 x 45 1500 10/160 200 10/160 110 6 800 10/560 100 10/560 50 8 FCC Part 68 1000 9/720 25 5/320 70 (March 1998) 1500 (SINGLE) 37.5 5/320 70 0 1500 (DUAL) 2 x 27 4/250 2 x 95 I 31-24 1500 0.5/700 37.5 0.2/310 70 0 0 70 5/310 25 10/700 1000 0 70 5/310 37.5 (SINGLE) 1500 ITU-T K.20/K.21 17 70 5/310 100 (SINGLE) 4000 0 2 x 95 4/250 2 x 72 (DUAL) 4000 FCC Part 68 terminology for the waveforms produced by the ITU-T recommendation K.2110/700 impulse generator NA = Not Applicable, primary protection removed or not specified. Standard Peak Voltage Setting V
Voltage
Coordination Resistance (Min.) NA
NA
NA NA NA 6 6
If the impulse generator current exceeds the protector's current rating, then a series resistance can be used to reduce the current to the protector's rated value to prevent possible failure. The required value of series resistance for a given waveform is given by the following calculations. First, the minimum total circuit impedance is found by dividing the impulse generator's peak voltage by the protector's rated current. The impulse generator's fictive impedance (generator's peak voltage divided by peak short circuit current) is then subtracted from the minimum total circuit impedance to give the required value of series resistance. In some cases, the equipment will require verification over a temperature range. By using the derated waveform values from the thermal information section, the appropriate series resistor value can be calculated for ambient temperatures in the range of 0 C to 70 C.
MARCH 1994 - REVISED MARCH 2006 Specifications are subject to change without notice. Customers should verify actual device performance in their specific applications.
TISP70xxF3 (LV) Overvoltage Protector Series
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Protection Voltage
The protection voltage, (V(BO) ), increases under lightning surge conditions due to thyristor regeneration. This increase is dependent on the rate of current rise, di/dt, when the TISP(R) device is clamping the voltage in its breakdown region. The V(BO) value under surge conditions can be estimated by multiplying the 50 Hz rate V(BO) (250 V/ms) value by the normalized increase at the surge's di/dt. An estimate of the di/dt can be made from the surge generator voltage rate of rise, dv/dt, and the circuit resistance. As an example, the ITU-T recommendation K.21 1.5 kV, 10/700 surge has an average dv/dt of 150 V/s, but, as the rise is exponential, the initial dv/dt is three times higher, being 450 V/s. The instantaneous generator output resistance is 25 . If the equipment has an additional series resistance of 20 , the total series resistance becomes 45 . The maximum di/dt then can be estimated as 450/45 = 10 A/s. In practice, the measured di/dt and protection voltage increase will be lower due to inductive effects and the finite slope resistance of the TISP(R) breakdown region.
Capacitance
Off-State Capacitance The off-state capacitance of a TISP(R) device is sensitive to junction temperature, TJ, and the bias voltage, comprising of the dc voltage, VD, and the ac voltage, Vd. All the capacitance values in this data sheet are measured with an ac voltage of 1 Vrms. When VD >> Vd, the capacitance value is independent on the value of Vd. Up to 10 MHz, the capacitance is essentially independent of frequency. Above 10 MHz, the effective capacitance is strongly dependent on connection inductance. For example, a printed wiring (PW) trace of 10 cm could create a circuit resonance with the device capacitance in the region of 80 MHz. Longitudinal Balance Figure 20 shows a three terminal TISP(R) device with its equivalent "delta" capacitance. Each capacitance, CTG, CRG and CTR, is the true terminal pair capacitance measured with a three terminal or guarded capacitance bridge. If wire R is biased at a larger potential than wire T, then CTG >CRG. Capacitance CTG is equivalent to a capacitance of CRG in parallel with the capacitive difference of (CTG - CRG). The line capacitive unbalance is due to (CTG - CRG) and the capacitance shunting the line is CTR +CRG /2.
Figure 20.
All capacitance measurements in this data sheet are three terminal guarded to allow the designer to accurately assess capacitive unbalance effects. Simple two terminal capacitance meters (unguarded third terminal) give false readings as the shunt capacitance via the third terminal is included.
MARCH 1994 - REVISED MARCH 2006 Specifications are subject to change without notice. Customers should verify actual device performance in their specific applications.
TISP70xxF3 (LV) Overvoltage Protector Series
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Typical Circuits
TIP WIRE
F1a
R1a Th3 GDTa GDTb Th2 Th1 PROTECTED EQUIPMENT
F1b RING WIRE
R1b TISP7xxxF3
AI7XBP
Figure 21. Protection Module
R1a Th3 Th1 Th2 R1b TISP7150F3 D.C. SIGNAL
AI7XBM
Figure 22. ISDN Protection
OVERCURRENT PROTECTION TIP WIRE R1a COORDINATION RESISTANCE R1b
RING/TEST PROTECTION
TEST RELAY
RING RELAY
SLIC RELAY S3a
SLIC PROTECTION
Th4
Th3 Th1 Th2
S1a
S2a SLIC
Th5 S3b S1b S2b
RING WIRE
TISP7xxxF3
TISP6xxxx, TISPPBLx, 1/2 TISP6NTP2 C1 220 nF VBAT
TEST EQUIPMENT
RING GENERATOR
AI7XBN
Figure 23. Line Card Ring/Test Protection
"TISP" is a trademark of Bourns, Ltd., a Bourns Company, and is Registered in U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. "Bourns" is a registered trademark of Bourns, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries.
MARCH 1994 - REVISED MARCH 2006 Specifications are subject to change without notice. Customers should verify actual device performance in their specific applications.

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